We will discuss possible nanoelectronic systems for image processing application, which are based on cellular arrays of physically coupled nanostructures. We will review our previous work on quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) and quantum cellular nonlinear networks (Q-CNN), and their potential applications for image processing. In these systems, local connectivity is provided by direct physical interactions within a CNN-like architecture. The physical laws for coupling (electric or magnetic) lead to non-linear differential equations, which we seek to exploit for imaging applications.